Aufgaben:Exercise 1.2Z: Puls Code Modulation: Difference between revisions
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[[File:EN_Sig_Z_1_2.png|right|frame| | [[File:EN_Sig_Z_1_2.png|right|frame|Components of pulse code modulation]] | ||
All modern communication systems are digital. The principle of digital transmission of speech signals goes back to [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alec_Reeves Alec Reeves] , who invented the so-called ''Pulscodemodulation'' ('''PCM''') already at 1938. | |||
On the right you see the (simplified) block diagram of the PCM transmitter with three functional units: | |||
* | *The band-limited speech signal ${q(t)}$ is sampled, where the [[Signal_Representation/Zeitdiskrete_Signaldarstellung#Das_Abtasttheorem|Abtasttheorem]] is observed, and yields the sampled signal $q_{\rm A}(t)$. | ||
* | * Each sample $q_{\rm A}(t)$ is mapped to one of $M = 2^N$ and results in the quantized signal $q_{\rm Q}(t)$. | ||
* | * Each individual quantized value is represented by a code sequence of $N$ binary symbols and results in the coded signal $q_{\rm C}(t)$. | ||
In | In this task only the different signals of the PCM transmitter are to be classified. Later tasks will deal with other properties of pulse code modulation. | ||
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'' | ''Notes:'' This task belongs to the chapter [[Signal_Representation/Klassifizierung_von_Signalen|Klassifizierung von Signalen]]. | ||
=== | ===Questions=== | ||
<quiz display=simple> | <quiz display=simple> | ||
{ | {Which of the statements are true for the source signal ${q(t)}$ ? | ||
|type="[]"} | |type="[]"} | ||
+ | + In normal operation ${q(t)}$ is a stochastic signal. | ||
+ | + A deterministic source signal is only useful in test operation or for theoretical investigations. | ||
- ${q(t)}$ | - ${q(t)}$ is a time-discrete signal. | ||
+ ${q(t)}$ | + ${q(t)}$ is a continuous value signal. | ||
{ | {Which of the statements apply to the sampled signal $q_{\rm A}(t)$ ? | ||
|type="[]"} | |type="[]"} | ||
- $q_{\rm A}(t)$ | - $q_{\rm A}(t)$ is a discrete-valued signal. | ||
+ $q_{\rm A}(t)$ | + $q_{\rm A}(t)$ is a time-discrete signal. | ||
+ | + The higher the maximum frequency of the message signal, the higher the sampling rate must be selected. | ||
{ | {Which statements are true for the quantized signal $q_{\rm Q}(t)$ if $N = 8$ is taken as a base? | ||
|type="[]"} | |type="[]"} | ||
+ $q_{\rm Q}(t)$ | + $q_{\rm Q}(t)$ is a time-discrete signal. | ||
- $q_{\rm Q}(t)$ | - $q_{\rm Q}(t)$ is a discrete-valued with signal $M = 8$ possible values. | ||
+ $q_{\rm Q}(t)$ | + $q_{\rm Q}(t)$ is a discrete-valued with signal $M = 256$ possible values. | ||
- $q_{\rm Q}(t)$ | - $q_{\rm Q}(t)$ is a binary signal. | ||
{ | {Which statements are true for the coded signal $q_{\rm C}(t)$ if $N = 8$ is taken as a basis? | ||
|type="[]"} | |type="[]"} | ||
+ $q_{\rm C}(t)$ | + $q_{\rm C}(t)$ is a time-discrete signal. | ||
- $q_{\rm C}(t)$ | - $q_{\rm C}(t)$ is a discrete-valued signal with $M = 8$ possible values. | ||
+ $q_{\rm C}(t)$ | + $q_{\rm C}(t)$ is a binary signal. | ||
- | - When sampling at distance $T_{\rm A}$ the bit duration is $T_{\rm B} = T_{\rm A}$. | ||
+ | + For sampling at distance $T_{\rm A}$ the bit duration is $T_{\rm B} = T_{\rm A}/8$. | ||
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</quiz> | </quiz> | ||
=== | ===Solutions=== | ||
{{ML-Kopf}} | {{ML-Kopf}} | ||
'''(1)''' Richtig sind die <u>Lösungsvorschläge 1, 2 und 4</u>: | '''(1)''' Richtig sind die <u>Lösungsvorschläge 1, 2 und 4</u>: | ||
Revision as of 20:14, 13 August 2020

All modern communication systems are digital. The principle of digital transmission of speech signals goes back to Alec Reeves , who invented the so-called Pulscodemodulation (PCM) already at 1938.
On the right you see the (simplified) block diagram of the PCM transmitter with three functional units:
- The band-limited speech signal ${q(t)}$ is sampled, where the Abtasttheorem is observed, and yields the sampled signal $q_{\rm A}(t)$.
- Each sample $q_{\rm A}(t)$ is mapped to one of $M = 2^N$ and results in the quantized signal $q_{\rm Q}(t)$.
- Each individual quantized value is represented by a code sequence of $N$ binary symbols and results in the coded signal $q_{\rm C}(t)$.
In this task only the different signals of the PCM transmitter are to be classified. Later tasks will deal with other properties of pulse code modulation.
Notes: This task belongs to the chapter Klassifizierung von Signalen.
Questions
Solutions
(1) Richtig sind die Lösungsvorschläge 1, 2 und 4:
- Das Quellensignal ${q(t)}$ ist analog, also wert- und zeitkontinuierlich.
- Im Allgemeinen macht es keinen Sinn, ein deterministisches Signal zu übertragen.
- Für die mathematische Beschreibung eignet sich ein deterministisches Quellensignal – wie zum Beispiel ein periodisches Signal – besser als ein Zufallssignal.
- Deterministische Signale werden auch für den Testbetrieb herangezogen, um erkannte Fehlfunktionen rekonstruieren zu können.
(2) Richtig sind die Lösungsvorschläge 2 und 3:
- Das Signal $q_{\rm A}(t)$ nach der Abtastung ist weiterhin wertkontinuierlich, aber nun zeitdiskret.
- Die Abtastfrequenz $f_{\rm A}$ ist dabei durch das so genannte Abtasttheorem vorgegeben.
- Je größer die maximale Frequenz $f_{\rm N,\,max}$ des Nachrichtensignals ist, desto größer muss $f_{\rm A} ≥ 2 \cdot f_{\rm N,\,max}$ gewählt werden.
(3) Richtig sind die Lösungsvorschläge 1 und 3:
- Das quantisierte Signal $q_{\rm Q}(t)$ ist zeit- und wertdiskret, wobei die Stufenzahl $M = 2^8 = 256$ beträgt.
- Ein Binärsignal ist dagegen ein wertdiskretes Signal mit der Stufenzahl $M = 2$.
(4) Richtig sind hier die Lösungsvorschläge 1, 3 und 5:
- Das codierte Signal $q_{\rm C}(t)$ ist binär $($Stufenzahl $M = 2)$ mit Bitdauer $T_{\rm B} = T_{\rm A}/8$.